is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. As of 2011, the city has a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Located 268 km (167 miles) from the national capital New Delhi, Jaipur is also known as the Pink City due to the dominant color scheme of its buildings in old city.
Jaipur was founded in 1727 by Sawai Jai Singh, the Kachhwaha Rajput ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It is one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. During the British colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. After Indian independence in 1947, Jaipur was made the capital of the newly formed state of Rajasthan in 1949.
Jaipur is a vibrant city located in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Known as the “Pink City” due to the color of its buildings, Jaipur is a popular tourist destination renowned for its rich history, magnificent palaces, forts, and vibrant culture.
Here are some key points about Jaipur:
1. **History**: Founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, Jaipur was one of India’s earliest planned cities. It was designed according to the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra, ancient Indian texts on architecture.
2. **Architecture**: The city’s architecture is characterized by its pink sandstone buildings, which were painted pink to welcome the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) in 1876. Major architectural landmarks include the City Palace, Hawa Mahal (Palace of Winds), Amer Fort, Jaigarh Fort, and Nahargarh Fort.
3. **Culture**: Jaipur is famous for its rich cultural heritage, including folk music, dance, and art. The city hosts several festivals throughout the year, such as the Jaipur Literature Festival, Jaipur International Film Festival, and Teej Festival.
4. **Handicrafts**: Jaipur is a hub for traditional Rajasthani handicrafts, including block printing, blue pottery, tie and dye (Bandhani), and gemstone jewelry. The city’s bazaars, such as Johari Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar, are popular shopping destinations.
5. **Tourism**: Jaipur attracts tourists from all over the world who come to explore its historical landmarks, experience its cultural heritage, and indulge in its culinary delights. Elephant rides at Amer Fort and hot air balloon rides are popular tourist activities.
6. **Education**: Jaipur is home to several esteemed educational institutions, including the University of Rajasthan, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), and Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR).
7. **Transportation**: The city is well-connected by road, rail, and air. Jaipur International Airport connects the city with major cities in India and some international destinations. Additionally, Jaipur is a part of the Golden Triangle tourist circuit along with Delhi and Agra.
Overall, Jaipur is a city that seamlessly blends its rich historical heritage with modern amenities, making it a captivating destination for travelers and a dynamic urban center for its residents.
History
Main article: History of Jaipur
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, often simply referred to as Jai Singh II, was the ruler of the kingdom of Amber (now part of Jaipur) in Rajasthan, India. He was born on November 3, 1688, and ruled from 1699 until his death in 1743. Jai Singh II is best known for his significant contributions to architecture, astronomy, and city planning.
Here are some key points about Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II:
1. **City Planning**: Jai Singh II was a visionary ruler who founded the city of Jaipur in 1727. He enlisted the services of the Bengali architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya to design the city according to the principles of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra, ancient Indian texts on architecture. The city was meticulously planned with wide streets, well-defined blocks, and grand palaces.
2. **Astronomy**: Jai Singh II was an accomplished astronomer and built several astronomical observatories (Jantar Mantars) across North India. These observatories were equipped with instruments for measuring time, predicting eclipses, and observing celestial bodies. The Jantar Mantar in Jaipur is the largest and best-preserved of these observatories.
3. **Architecture**: In addition to the city of Jaipur and the Jantar Mantar observatories, Jai Singh II commissioned the construction of several palaces and forts. One of the most notable is the City Palace in Jaipur, which served as the royal residence. He also built Amer Fort, Jaigarh Fort, and Nahargarh Fort, among others.
4. **Military Campaigns**: Jai Singh II was a skilled military leader and engaged in several military campaigns to expand his kingdom’s territory and influence. He was an ally of the Mughal Empire and played a crucial role in its affairs in North India.
5. **Legacy**: Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II is remembered as one of Rajasthan’s most illustrious rulers. His contributions to architecture, astronomy, and city planning continue to be celebrated, and his legacy is preserved in the monuments and institutions he built.
Overall, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II played a pivotal role in shaping the cultural and architectural landscape of Rajasthan, leaving behind a lasting legacy that continues to fascinate historians, astronomers, and tourists alike.
Jaipur offers a plethora of activities and attractions for visitors to explore. Here are some top things to do in Jaipur:
1. **Visit Amber Fort**: Explore the majestic Amer Fort (also known as Amber Fort), located just outside Jaipur. This grand fort offers stunning architecture, intricate carvings, and panoramic views of the surrounding hills. You can also enjoy an elephant ride up to the fort.
2. **Explore City Palace**: Discover the City Palace, a magnificent complex of courtyards, gardens, and buildings. The palace houses a museum with an impressive collection of royal artifacts, including textiles, weapons, and art.
3. **Marvel at Hawa Mahal**: Admire the iconic Hawa Mahal, or Palace of Winds, known for its unique facade with hundreds of small windows. Though it looks like a front-facing palace, it’s actually a high screen wall built for the women of the royal household to observe street festivals while remaining unseen.
4. **Discover Jantar Mantar**: Visit the Jantar Mantar, an astronomical observatory built by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. Explore the various astronomical instruments, including the world’s largest stone sundial, and learn about ancient Indian astronomy.
5. **Shop at Bazaars**: Explore Jaipur’s vibrant bazaars, such as Johari Bazaar and Bapu Bazaar, known for their traditional Rajasthani handicrafts, textiles, jewelry, and souvenirs. Don’t forget to bargain for the best prices!
6. **Attend Cultural Performances**: Experience the rich culture of Rajasthan by attending cultural performances, such as folk music and dance shows. Many hotels and cultural centers in Jaipur offer nightly performances featuring traditional Rajasthani music and dance forms like Ghoomar and Kalbelia.
7. **Visit Nahargarh Fort**: Take a trip to Nahargarh Fort, located on the Aravalli Hills, to enjoy panoramic views of Jaipur cityscape. The fort also houses an interesting sculpture park and a restaurant where you can dine with a view.
8. **Explore Jaipur’s Cuisine**: Indulge in Rajasthani cuisine at local eateries and restaurants. Don’t miss specialties like Dal Baati Churma, Gatte ki Sabzi, and Laal Maas. Jaipur also offers a variety of street food options to tantalize your taste buds.
9. **Take a Hot Air Balloon Ride**: Experience Jaipur from a different perspective by taking a hot air balloon ride over the city. Enjoy breathtaking views of the forts, palaces, and landscapes as you float serenely above Jaipur.
10. **Relax at Gardens and Parks**: Spend some leisure time at Jaipur’s beautiful gardens and parks, such as Sisodia Rani Garden, Central Park, and Ram Niwas Garden. These green spaces offer a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city.
These are just a few of the many things you can do in Jaipur. Whether you’re interested in history, culture, cuisine, or adventure, Jaipur has something to offer for every traveler.
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